aioko magenglish ngeon kc... di naman ata 2 mkikita ni sir... hekhek...
sinisisi ko ang sarili q dahil babagsak na q sa p6...
wow... first tym aqng babagsak sa buong buhay q...
mukhang pahirapan ang 3rd yr...
naghihingalo na ata mga grades q...
ang hirap naman kc tlga ng p6 e... puro computation...
whew...
at... hindi kc nagsisink in mga pinagaralan q sa optics...
ok naman yung waves q dati a...
nalilito lng aq kpg test na mismo...
kc ba naman... andaming formula...
tska... nagkakataon din kcng andami din naming inaalala sa ibang subjects...
wish ko lang... matauhan na q....
mukha namang interesting ang radiation...
dahil may konek ito sa chem... woot...
geh.... ipapaalam q na sa nanay q na mamimeet niya na teacher q sa p6...
geh... bye.... ;p
Wednesday, August 29, 2007
Friday, August 10, 2007
ray diagram- pahabol...
converging lens....
1.Pick a point on the top of the object and draw three incident rays traveling towards the lens.
Using a straight edge, accurately draw one ray so that it passes exactly through the focal point on the way to the lens. Draw the second ray such that it travels exactly parallel to the principal axis. Place arrowheads upon the rays to indicate their direction of travel. Draw the third incident ray such that it travels directly to the exact center of the lens.
2. Once these incident rays strike the lens, refract them according to the three rules of refraction for converging lenses.
The ray that passes through the focal point on the way to the lens will refract and travel parallel to the principal axis. Use a straight edge to accurately draw its path. The ray which traveled parallel to the principal axis on the way to the lens will refract and travel through the focal point. And the ray which traveled to the exact center of the lens will continue in the same direction. Place arrowheads upon the rays to indicate their direction of travel. Extend the rays past their point of intersection.
3. Mark the image of the top of the object.
The image point of the top of the object is the point where the two refracted rays intersect. All three rays should intersect at exactly the same point. This point is merely the point where all light from the top of the object would intersect upon refracting through the lens. Of course, the rest of the object has an image as well and it can be found by applying the same three steps to another chosen point. (See note below.)
4. Repeat the process for the bottom of the object.
The goal of a ray diagram is to determine the location, size, orientation, and type of image which is formed by the double convex lens. Typically, this requires determining where the image of the upper and lower extreme of the object is located and then tracing the entire image. After completing the first three steps, only the image location of the top extreme of the object has been found. Thus, the process must be repeated for the point on the bottom of the object. If the bottom of the object lies upon the principal axis (as it does in this example), then the image of this point will also lie upon the principal axis and be the same distance from the mirror as the image of the top of the object. At this point the entire image can be filled in.
1.Pick a point on the top of the object and draw three incident rays traveling towards the lens.
Using a straight edge, accurately draw one ray so that it passes exactly through the focal point on the way to the lens. Draw the second ray such that it travels exactly parallel to the principal axis. Place arrowheads upon the rays to indicate their direction of travel. Draw the third incident ray such that it travels directly to the exact center of the lens.
2. Once these incident rays strike the lens, refract them according to the three rules of refraction for converging lenses.
The ray that passes through the focal point on the way to the lens will refract and travel parallel to the principal axis. Use a straight edge to accurately draw its path. The ray which traveled parallel to the principal axis on the way to the lens will refract and travel through the focal point. And the ray which traveled to the exact center of the lens will continue in the same direction. Place arrowheads upon the rays to indicate their direction of travel. Extend the rays past their point of intersection.
3. Mark the image of the top of the object.
The image point of the top of the object is the point where the two refracted rays intersect. All three rays should intersect at exactly the same point. This point is merely the point where all light from the top of the object would intersect upon refracting through the lens. Of course, the rest of the object has an image as well and it can be found by applying the same three steps to another chosen point. (See note below.)
4. Repeat the process for the bottom of the object.
The goal of a ray diagram is to determine the location, size, orientation, and type of image which is formed by the double convex lens. Typically, this requires determining where the image of the upper and lower extreme of the object is located and then tracing the entire image. After completing the first three steps, only the image location of the top extreme of the object has been found. Thus, the process must be repeated for the point on the bottom of the object. If the bottom of the object lies upon the principal axis (as it does in this example), then the image of this point will also lie upon the principal axis and be the same distance from the mirror as the image of the top of the object. At this point the entire image can be filled in.
concave mirror...
1. Pick a point on the top of the object and draw two incident rays traveling towards the mirror.
Using a straight edge, accurately draw one ray so that it passes exactly through the focal point on the way to the mirror. Draw the second ray such that it travels exactly parallel to the principal axis. Place arrowheads upon the rays to indicate their direction of travel.
2. Once these incident rays strike the mirror, reflect them according to the two rules of reflection for concave mirrors.
The ray that passes through the focal point on the way to the mirror will reflect and travel parallel to the principal axis. Use a straight edge to accurately draw its path. The ray which traveled parallel to the principal axis on the way to the mirror will reflect and travel through the focal point. Place arrowheads upon the rays to indicate their direction of travel. Extend the rays past their point of intersection.
3. Mark the image of the top of the object.
The image point of the top of the object is the point where the two reflected rays intersect. If your were to draw a third pair of incident and reflected rays, then the third reflected ray would also pass through this point. This is merely the point where all light from the top of the object would intersect upon reflecting off the mirror. Of course, the rest of the object has an image as well and it can be found by applying the same three steps to another chosen point. (See note below.)
4. Repeat the process for the bottom of the object.
The goal of a ray diagram is to determine the location, size, orientation, and type of image which is formed by the concave mirror. Typically, this requires determining where the image of the upper and lower extreme of the object is located and then tracing the entire image. After completing the first three steps, only the image location of the top extreme of the object has been found. Thus, the process must be repeated for the point on the bottom of the object. If the bottom of the object lies upon the principal axis (as it does in this example), then the image of this point will also lie upon the principal axis and be the same distance from the mirror as the image of the top of the object. At this point the entire image can be filled in.
diverging lens...
1. Pick a point on the top of the object and draw three incident rays traveling towards the lens.
Using a straight edge, accurately draw one ray so that it travels towards the focal point on the opposite side of the lens; this ray will strike the lens before reaching the focal point; stop the ray at the point of incidence with the lens. Draw the second ray such that it travels exactly parallel to the principal axis. Draw the third ray to the exact center of the lens. Place arrowheads upon the rays to indicate their direction of travel.
2. Once these incident rays strike the lens, refract them according to the three rules of refraction for double concave lenses.
The ray that travels towards the focal point will refract through the lens and travel parallel to the principal axis. Use a straight edge to accurately draw its path. The ray which traveled parallel to the principal axis on the way to the lens will refract and travel in a direction such that its extension passes through the focal point. Align a straight edge with the point of incidence and the focal point, and draw the second refracted ray. The ray which traveled to the exact center of the lens will continue to travel in the same direction. Place arrowheads upon the rays to indicate their direction of travel. The three rays should be diverging upon refraction.
3. Locate and mark the image of the top of the object.
The image point of the top of the object is the point where the three refracted rays intersect. Since the three refracted rays are diverging, they must be extended behind the lens in order to intersect. Using a straight edge, extend each of the rays using dashed lines. Draw the extensions until they intersect. All three extensions should intersect in the same location. The point of intersection is the image point of the top of the object. The three refracted rays would appear to diverge from this point. This is merely the point where all light from the top of the object would appears to diverge from after refracting through the double concave lens. Of course, the rest of the object has an image as well and it can be found by applying the same three steps to another chosen point. See note below.
4. Repeat the process for the bottom of the object.
The goal of a ray diagram is to determine the location, size, orientation, and type of image which is formed by the double concave lens. Typically, this requires determining where the image of the upper and lower extreme of the object is located and then tracing the entire image. After completing the first three steps, only the image location of the top extreme of the object has been found. Thus, the process must be repeated for the point on the bottom of the object. If the bottom of the object lies upon the principal axis (as it does in this example), then the image of this point will also lie upon the principal axis and be the same distance from the lens as the image of the top of the object. At this point the complete image can be filled in.
convex mirror....
Pick a point on the top of the object and draw two incident rays traveling towards the mirror.
Using a straight edge, accurately draw one ray so that it travels towards the focal point on the opposite side of the mirror; this ray will strike the mirror before reaching the focal point; stop the ray at the point of incidence with the mirror. Draw the second ray such that it travels exactly parallel to the principal axis. Place arrowheads upon the rays to indicate their direction of travel.
Once these incident rays strike the mirror, reflect them according to the two rules of reflection for convex mirrors.
The ray that travels towards the focal point will reflect and travel parallel to the principal axis. Use a straight edge to accurately draw its path. The ray which traveled parallel to the principal axis on the way to the mirror will reflect and travel in a direction such that its extension passes through the focal point. Align a straight edge with the point of incidence and the focal point, and draw the second reflected ray. Place arrowheads upon the rays to indicate their direction of travel. The two rays should be diverging upon reflection.
Locate and mark the image of the top of the object.
The image point of the top of the object is the point where the two reflected rays intersect. Since the two reflected rays are diverging, they must be extended behind the mirror in order to intersect. Using a straight edge, extend each of the rays using dashed lines. Draw the extensions until they intersect. The point of intersection is the image point of the top of the object. Both reflected rays would appear to diverge from this point. If your were to draw a third pair of incident and reflected rays, then the extensions of the third reflected ray would also pass through this point. This is merely the point where all light from the top of the object would appear to diverge from upon reflecting off the mirror. Of course, the rest of the object has an image as well and it can be found by applying the same three steps to another chosen point. See note below.
Repeat the process for the bottom of the object.
The goal of a ray diagram is to determine the location, size, orientation, and type of image which is formed by the convex mirror. Typically, this requires determining where the image of the upper and lower extreme of the object is located and then tracing the entire image. After completing the first three steps, only the image location of the top extreme of the object has been found. Thus, the process must be repeated for the point on the bottom of the object. If the bottom of the object lies upon the principal axis (as it does in this example), then the image of this point will also lie upon the principal axis and be the same distance from the mirror as the image of the top of the object. At this point the complete image can be filled in.
fiber optics
What is FIBER OPTICS??
A technology that uses glass (or plastic) threads (fibers) to transmit data. A fiber optic cable consists of a bundle of glass threads, each of which is capable of transmitting messages modulated onto light waves.
Fiber optics has several advantages over traditional metal communications lines:
Fiber optic cables have a much greater bandwidth than metal cables. This means that they can carry more data.
Fiber optic cables are less susceptible than metal cables to interference.
Fiber optic cables are much thinner and lighter than metal wires.
Data can be transmitted digitally (the natural form for computer data) rather than analogically.
The main disadvantage of fiber optics is that the cables are expensive to install. In addition, they are more fragile than wire and are difficult to splice.
Fiber optics is a particularly popular technology for local-area networks. In addition, telephone companies are steadily replacing traditional telephone lines with fiber optic cables. In the future, almost all communications will employ fiber optics.
Fiber optics has several advantages over traditional metal communications lines:
Fiber optic cables have a much greater bandwidth than metal cables. This means that they can carry more data.
Fiber optic cables are less susceptible than metal cables to interference.
Fiber optic cables are much thinner and lighter than metal wires.
Data can be transmitted digitally (the natural form for computer data) rather than analogically.
The main disadvantage of fiber optics is that the cables are expensive to install. In addition, they are more fragile than wire and are difficult to splice.
Fiber optics is a particularly popular technology for local-area networks. In addition, telephone companies are steadily replacing traditional telephone lines with fiber optic cables. In the future, almost all communications will employ fiber optics.
Fiber optics is the technique of transmitting light through transparent, flexible fibers of glass or plastic. The fibers, called optical fibers, can channel light over a curved path. Bundles of parallel fibers acn be used to illuminate and observe hard-to-reach places. Optical fibers of very pure glass are able to carri light over long distances with little dimming.
Fiber optics is based on the optical phenomenon known as total internal reflection. With the simplest form of optical fiber, light entering one end of the fiber strikes the boudary of the fiber and is reflected inward. The light travels through the fiber in succession of zigzag reflections until it exists from the other end fiber.
Optical fiber bundles are either coherent or incoherent. In a a coherent bundle, the fibers are arranged so that the images, as well as illumination, can be transmitted. in incoherent bundles, the fiber are not arranged in any particular way and can transmit only illumination.
Friday, August 3, 2007
eyes and the camera....
The diff. bet. the eyes and the camera....
Camera
A camera forms a real inverted, reduced image of the object being photographedon a light- sensitive surface. The amount of light striking this surface is controlled by the shutter speed and the aperature. The intensity of this light is inversely proportional to the square of the f-number of the lens.
f-number= focal length
aperature diameter
= f/d
Eyes
In the eye, refraction at the surface of the cornea forms a real image on the retina. adjustment for various object distances is made by squeezing the lens, thereby making it bulge and decreasing its focal length. A near sighted eye is too long for its lens; a farsighted eye is too short. The power of corrective lens, in diopters, is the reciprocal of the focal length in meters.
convex...concave... mirrors.... lenses....
ques.
what's the diff. bet. a mirror and a lense???
ans. Concave mirrors and converging lenses are the same in getting its computation about the di, do, ho, hi and the focal length. It's the same with the diverging and convex. the diff. is that when we draw lenses, its like this: () and when we draw a mirror, whether a concave and a convex its, ) for concave and ( for convex. (wee... i asked anna about this... thank you anna!)
ok...
let's move to plane mirror
when rays diverge from an object and are reflected or refracted, the directions of outgoing rays are the same as though thay had diverged from an image. If yhey actually converge at the image and diverge again beyond it, the image is a real image of the object; if they only appear to have diverged from the image, it is a virtual image. Images can be erect or inverted.
formula of getting the do, di, focal length and magnification of convex and concave mirrors....
if the magnification is negative, it is a real image.... if not, it is a virtual image...
what's the diff. bet. a mirror and a lense???
ans. Concave mirrors and converging lenses are the same in getting its computation about the di, do, ho, hi and the focal length. It's the same with the diverging and convex. the diff. is that when we draw lenses, its like this: () and when we draw a mirror, whether a concave and a convex its, ) for concave and ( for convex. (wee... i asked anna about this... thank you anna!)
ok...
let's move to plane mirror
when rays diverge from an object and are reflected or refracted, the directions of outgoing rays are the same as though thay had diverged from an image. If yhey actually converge at the image and diverge again beyond it, the image is a real image of the object; if they only appear to have diverged from the image, it is a virtual image. Images can be erect or inverted.
formula of getting the do, di, focal length and magnification of convex and concave mirrors....
f= dido
do-di
do= fdi
di-f
di= fdo
do-f
M= hi = -di
ho doif the magnification is negative, it is a real image.... if not, it is a virtual image...
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